Before we delve into pedals, let us first describe what bass drums are. A bass drum is a large drum that produces a note of low definite or indefinite pitch. There are three general classifications of bass drums: the concert bass drum, the ‘kick’ drum, and the pitched bass drum. The type usually seen or heard in orchestral or concert band music is the concert bass drum. The ‘kick’ drum, struck with a beater attached to a pedal, is usually seen on drum kits. The third type, the pitched bass drum, is generally used in marching bands and drum corps. This particular type of drum is tuned to a specific pitch and is usually played in a set of three to five drums. It is the largest drum of the orchestra.
The bass drum is used in orchestral music, concert band music, marching music, and throughout 20th century popular music as a component of the drum set for jazz and rock styles. In popular music, the bass drum is used to mark time. In marches it is used to project tempo. A basic beat for rock and roll has the bass drum played on the first and third beats of a bar of common time, with the snare drum on the second and fourth beats, called “back beats”. In jazz, the bass drum can vary from almost entirely being a timekeeping medium to being a melodic voice in conjunction with the other parts of the set. In classical music, the bass drum often punctuates a musical impact, although it has other valid uses. This instrument is used in many orchestras.
A kit bass drum is played using a pedal-operated mallet or beater. A right-handed drummer will usually operate a pedal with the right foot.
William F. Ludwig made the bass drum pedal workable in 1909, paving the way for the modern drum kit. A bass drum pedal operates much the same as a hi-hat, a “footplate” is pressed to pull a chain, belt, or metal “drive” mechanism downward, bringing a “beater” or mallet made of felt, wood, plastic, or rubber attached to a “shaft” forward into the drumhead. The pedal and beater system are mounted in a metal frame and like the hi-hat, a “tension unit” controls the amount of pressure needed to strike and the amount of recoil upon release. A double bass drum pedal operates much the same way only with a second footplate attached by rod to a remote beater mechanism.